Nature Walk – Zone 2
Hawaii’s native flora is as unique as it is diverse, with approximately 1,400 vascular plant taxa native to the islands, and nearly 90% of these are found nowhere else in the world. The rich tapestry of plants includes the native Akia plant, the Pohinahina, used medicinally by native Hawaiians, and the Kupukupu fern used in traditional Hula, are just a few examples of the islands’ botanical treasures. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these species from threats such as habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. Initiatives include surveying historic ranges, augmenting wild populations, and establishing new ones in safe harbors. The MTA Nature Walk was developed to highlight these plant species and other important fauna of Hawaiian culture and landscapes.
Zone 2 Plants
Pohinahina
The Pohinahina, or Vitex rotundifolia, is an indigenous plant to Hawaii, thriving in the dry, full sun exposure of the coastal regions up to elevations of 50 feet. This resilient shrub, which can grow up to 9 feet tall with a spread of 8 feet, is known for its beautiful blue-violet flowers and pleasant sage-like aroma. Historically, the leaves of Pohinahina were used in traditional Hawaiian medicine to alleviate various ailments such as headaches and stomach pains. Today, it is valued not only for its medicinal properties but also for its utility in lei making and its ability to provide excellent erosion control due to its hardy nature. Adaptable and drought-resistant, Pohinahina is a testament to the rich botanical heritage and the practical knowledge of indigenous Hawaiian flora.
Akia
The Akia, scientifically known as Wikstroemia uva-ursi, is a remarkable native shrub of Hawaii, flourishing in the dry, coastal regions of islands such as Kaua’i, O’ahu, Maui, and Moloka’i. This resilient plant is characterized by its dense growth, small oval-shaped leaves of a greenish-blue hue, and branches tinged with reddish-brown. It’s admired for its clusters of tiny yellow flowers that exude a musky scent, particularly noticeable in the early evening, and its small orange or red fruits. Not only is Akia a staple in Hawaiian landscapes for its hardiness and low maintenance, but it also holds a place in traditional Hawaiian culture. Historically, its bark, roots, and leaves were used as a narcotic to stupefy fish, making them easier to catch. Despite its use in fishing, the plant is non-toxic to humans and birds, though its fruit is said to have an unpleasant taste. Akia’s adaptability and vibrant colors when in fruit make it an attractive choice for a low hedge or accent plant in Hawaiian gardens.
Kupukupu
The Kupukupu fern, scientifically known as Nephrolepis cordifolia, is a resilient and indigenous species in Hawaii. It is characterized by its erect fronds that stand 1-2 feet tall, with each frond composed of many smaller pinnae. This fern is versatile, growing as a terrestrial plant with stolons spreading across the soil or as an epiphytic plant climbing up trees. A unique feature of the Kupukupu fern is its underground tubers on the stolons, which serve as a food storage and a means for reproduction, as new ferns will develop from these tubers. In Hawaiian culture, the Kupukupu fern holds significant value; it was traditionally used to decorate hula altars, symbolizing a place of learning and sprouting knowledge, as ‘kupu’ means to sprout. The fronds are also utilized in lei-making, adding to the cultural heritage of Hawaii. When planting Kupukupu, it is recommended to place them in well-drained soil and avoid standing water to prevent yellowing and defoliation. This fern not only contributes to the lush greenery of Hawaii’s landscapes but also embodies the spirit of growth and resilience intrinsic to the islands’ flora.
Kokiokeokeo
The Koki‘o ke‘oke‘o, or Hibiscus arnottianus, is a native Hawaiian plant with a significant presence in the islands’ ecology and culture. This species, which includes both shrubs and trees, can grow up to 30 feet tall and is known for its striking white flowers that are reputedly the only naturally fragrant hibiscus species in the world. These flowers are not only a feast for the eyes but also for the nose, with a scent that has led to speculation about their pollination by native moths. The Koki‘o ke‘oke‘o is found in dry to wet forests on O‘ahu and Moloka‘i, and its beauty is celebrated in many old Hawaiian songs and stories. It’s a plant that enthusiasts may choose to let grow into its natural tree form or prune into a shrub, depending on their preference. However, it’s important to note that the Hibiscus arnottianus subsp. immaculatus, a subspecies, is endangered and found only on Moloka‘i, with less than a dozen plants remaining in the wild. This highlights the importance of conservation efforts to protect these unique and culturally significant plants.
Ki (Ti plant)
The Ki plant, known scientifically as Cordyline fruticosa, holds a significant place in Hawaiian culture. Brought to the Hawaiian Islands by early Polynesian settlers, it is revered for its versatility and cultural importance. In Hawaii, it’s commonly referred to as the Ti plant. This tropical broadleaf evergreen thrives in the moist, semi-shaded areas of Hawaii’s wet valleys and forests. Its leaves serve various purposes, from roof thatching to food wrapping, and even play a role in spiritual ceremonies and rituals, being sacred to the Hawaiian gods Lono and Laka. The Ti plant is not only a symbol of high rank and power but is also believed to ward off evil spirits when planted around homes. With its vibrant foliage ranging from green to purple, and its ability to bloom lavender-colored flowers that yield red berries, the Ki plant is a true representation of Hawaii’s rich botanical and cultural tapestry