Nature Walk – Zone 4
Hawaii’s native flora is as unique as it is diverse, with approximately 1,400 vascular plant taxa native to the islands, and nearly 90% of these are found nowhere else in the world. The rich tapestry of plants includes the native Akia plant, the Pohinahina, used medicinally by native Hawaiians, and the Kupukupu fern used in traditional Hula, are just a few examples of the islands’ botanical treasures. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these species from threats such as habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. Initiatives include surveying historic ranges, augmenting wild populations, and establishing new ones in safe harbors. The MTA Nature Walk was developed to highlight these plant species and other important fauna of Hawaiian culture and landscapes.
Zone 4 Plants
Laua`e Fern
Hawaiian Name: Lauaʻe
Scientific Name: Microsorum scolopendria (introduced species) / Microsorum spectrum (native species)
Common Name: Maile-Scented Fern
The Lauaʻe fern, scientifically known as Microsorum scolopendria (introduced species) and Microsorum spectrum (native species), holds a significant place in Hawaii’s cultural and natural landscapes. The introduced Microsorum scolopendria, originating from Western Australia, has become widespread across the Hawaiian Islands, thriving in diverse environments ranging from lava fields to lush forests. Its deeply lobed fronds emit a delicate almond fragrance, earning it the nickname “maile-scented fern.”
In contrast, the native Hawaiian Lauaʻe, Microsorum spectrum, is a rarer species that prefers moist, low-elevation forests. This native fern is celebrated for its unique scent, which has been woven into traditional Hawaiian chants and songs.
Both ferns carry immense cultural value. Historically, Hawaiians used Lauaʻe to perfume kapa cloth and craft lei, symbolizing a deep connection to the land and its heritage. Understanding the distinction between these two species is crucial for appreciating Hawaii’s biodiversity and the cultural practices that have evolved alongside these plants.
Red Ginger
Hawaiian Name: ʻAwapuhi ʻUlaʻula
Scientific Name: Alpinia purpurata
Common Name: Red Ginger
The Red Ginger (Alpinia purpurata), locally known in Hawaii as ʻAwapuhi ʻUlaʻula, is a vibrant and lush plant native to the southwest Pacific islands that has found a welcoming habitat in Hawaii. Thriving in Hawaii’s humid and warm climate, it contributes to the islands’ lush tropical landscapes.
This plant is not only admired for its striking aesthetics but is also a practical choice for gardeners. The Red Ginger is relatively easy to care for, requiring partial shade, indirect light, and consistently moist soil conditions to flourish. Its vivid red bracts, often mistaken for flowers, are actually modified leaves that protect and attract pollinators to the true flowers within. These bracts make the Red Ginger a popular choice for floral arrangements, adding a splash of tropical vibrance to bouquets.
In Hawaii, the Red Ginger holds commercial value, with its flowers grown for sale, particularly in the Hamakua area. However, like many non-native species, it has the potential to become invasive, so responsible cultivation is essential to maintain ecological balance.
White and Yellow Ginger
Hawaiian Name: ʻAwapuhi Keʻokeʻo
Scientific Name: Hedychium coronarium
Common Name: White Ginger Lily
Hedychium coronarium, locally known in Hawaii as ʻAwapuhi Keʻokeʻo, is a fragrant tropical flower that has adapted well to Hawaii’s lush environment. Originally from the Eastern Himalayas, this plant has naturalized in Hawaii, becoming a feature of the islands’ landscapes. Its striking white and yellow blooms are both visually captivating and highly aromatic, capable of perfuming entire gardens.
The White Ginger Lily flourishes in Hawaii’s warm climate and blooms from late summer to early fall. While each flower lasts about a day, the plant produces hundreds of flowers over a six-week period, creating a continuous display of beauty and fragrance. Though popular as an ornamental plant, it is important to note that in some regions, it is considered invasive due to its ability to form dense thickets via underground rhizomes.
Despite this potential for invasiveness, the White Ginger Lily remains a cherished part of Hawaiian gardens, enhancing the islands’ reputation for exotic and beautiful flora.